Single phase induction motor a less effective but more economical method using shaded pole motors the motor has two salient poles excited by ac current. All about motors 88 motor protection selection aids the eaton selector slide enables you to determine quickly and reliably which motor starter is the most suitable for the application concerned. Synchronous and asynchronous developing a rotating magnetic field in stator coil the stator of an ac motor is a hollow cylinder in which coils of insulated wire are inserted. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. An industrial type of ac motor with electrical terminal box at the top and output rotating shaft on the left. Ac induction motors are the most common motors used in industrial motion control systems, as well as in main powered home appliances. Synchronous speed means the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator. Based on the construction there are two distinct types of ac servo motors, they are synchronous type ac servo motor and induction type ac servo motor. The three phase ac motors are mostly applied in the industry for bulk power conversion from electrical to mechanical. The rotor of an induction motor can be a squirrel cage rotor or wound. Furthermore the three phase squirrel cage induction motor is now utilized for applications where high power. This section gives background on various ac motor types, and the control and protection practices commonly used for these. The brushless dc motor, actually an ac motor, is replacing the conventional brushed dc motor in many applications. This motor rotates at a synchronous speed, which is given by the following equation ns 120 f p where, f supply frequency p number of poles 10.
The types discussed in the following paragraphs are typical of the more predominant ones in use. Explain the factors that determine the maximum power output of an ac generator, and the effect of these factors in rating generators. Such motors are widely used for pumps, blowers, conveyors and other industrial machinery. The stator consists of a cylindrical frame and stator core. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. Ac motors are mainly used for industrial applications such as centrifugal pumps, fans, compressors etc. The field windings of a series motors are connected in series with the armature windings. This final thesis will mostly be dedicated to induction motors but also to synchronous permanent magnet and reluctance motors. And, the stepper motor, a digital version of the motor, is driven by alternating current square waves, again, generated by solidstate circuitry. Chapter 2 ac drive fundamentals this chapter covers. Synchronous type ac servo motor consist of stator and rotor. It has the following main advantages and also some disadvantages.
An ac motor works by applying alternating current to stator windings, which produce a rotating magnetic field. Therefore such motors are known as induction motors. There are many types of ac motors, but this course focuses on threephase ac induction motors, the most common type of motor used in industrial applications. Dc motor principle a machine that converts dc power into mechanical energy is known as dc motor. Read online now motor rewinding procedure ebook pdf at our library. In most cases, the considerations can be extended to the other types. Explain the operation of multiphase ac generators and compare with singlephase. The latest types of motors to enter the fray are those that help. Motor speed relationship the synchronous speed of an ac motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field set up by the stator winding synchronous speed rpm 120 x frequency divided by the number of poles. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a. Generator types various types of alternating current generators are utilized today.
Because the magnetic field rotates in this way, an ac motor does not need power or mechanical aid to be applied to the rotor. Virtually all electrical motors use magnetic field rotation to spin their rotors. Jun 17, 2018 an induction motor can further be of two types. Dc motors although ac motors are used in most of the cases, dc motors have many applications and used for multipurpose applications. Therefore, ac commutator motors are used for wide rage speed control at around unity power factor. Types of ac motors and dc motors engineering tutorial. Prior to teslas inventions, direct current motors were the presiding type of motor. This motor can be placed to high accuracy and also. Unit 16 electric motors objectives after studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of an electric motor.
If a seried dc motor has a laminated stator frame, it can run effectively htt l d iki di iki di 667 from an ac supply as well as dc, this is the. Induction motors have constant speed characteristics and low operating power factor. Electrical motor free download as powerpoint presentation. Advantages of 3 phase induction motor generally easy to build and cheaper than corresponding dc or synchronous motors induction motor is robust.
The two main types of ac motors are induction motors and synchronous motors. By far the most commonly used ac motor is the induction motor. The principle of an ac motor is that electric current is applied to electromagnets, creating a rotating magnetic field to convert electrical energy to rotation mechanical energy. Rotating armature generator in the rotating armature ac generator as illust rated in figure 1, the stator provides a. Compare the types of rotors used in ac generators, and the applications of each type to different prime movers. The figure above shows the family tree of the ac motors described in this chapter. The short film ac motors 1969 is available for free download at the internet archive. In this chapter, we shall focus our attention on the construction, working and characteristics of commonly used singlephase motors.
The ac motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. Nov 30, 2014 synchronous motors a synchronous motor is an ac motor,which runs at constant speed fixed by frequency of the sysem. Types of electric motors electric motors dc motors other motors h ac motors s unt motor separately excited induction motor stepper motor motor brushlessdc motor series motor hysteresis motor permanent magnet dc pmdc synchronous motor reluctance motor compounded motor universal motor. Electrical motor electric motor electromagnetic induction.
Induction motors are the most commonly used motors in many applications. In the case of internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine. Free download induction motor seminar ppt, pdf report. Mar 07, 2016 electric motor is a machine which converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Oct 28, 2015 based on the construction there are two distinct types of ac servo motors, they are synchronous type ac servo motor and induction type ac servo motor. It is logical that the least expensive, lowest maintenance type motor should be used most often. These are the most common type of ac motor and important in industry due to their load capacity with singlephase induction motors being. Generally, it is known as the asynchronous motor because its running speed is less than its synchronous speed. Single phase induction motor and three phase induction motor. Each pole includes a small portion that has a shortcircuited winding. An induction motor can be defined as the ac electric motor device in which a power source fed by the alternating current with the help of a primary winding. An887, ac induction motor fundamentals microchip technology.
These are also called as asynchronous motors, because an induction motor always runs at a speed lower than synchronous speed. Types of ac motors classification based on principle of operation. Now most of the ac servomotors are of the twophase squirrel cage induction motor type. There basically 2 types of induction motor depending upon the type. Have you ever noticed what kind of motor drives the ceiling fan. Electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and applications third edition austin hughes senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering, university of leeds amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco singapore sydney tokyo newnes is an imprint of. Singlephase twophase threephase the presentation will describe the basics of the threephase brushless motor because it is the most common version. The induction motor is that the rotor of the synchronous moto.
Ac motor types motors generally consist of two basic assemblies. A good material for the poles of a pmdc motor should have the apposite of the above. Senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering. It is true that single phase motors are less efficient substitute for 3phase motors. Simple and rugged design, lowcost, low maintenance and direct connection to an ac power source are the main advantages of ac induction motors. Induction motor theory jerry bednarczyk, pe course content introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. Ac induction motor speed control so what can we do to control the speed of an ac induction motor. Nov 06, 2018 the classification of ac servomotors is done into two types. Types of dc motors separately excited motor shunt excited motor.
The threephase induction motor is the extensively used for various kinds of industrial drives. Ac series motor or the universal motor is an electric motor which operates in either ac or dc power at the same speed and output. Chapter 4 ac drive enclosure characteristics types this chapter discusses the different types and characteristics of enclosures available for square d drive products. Nov 03, 2019 an induction motor also known as an asynchronous motor is a commonly used ac electric motor. Know about the different categories that these motors can be classified into.
A threephase ac induction motor is the only type where the rotating magnetic field is. Various types of ac induction motors are available in the market. An understanding of several points on this curve will aid in properly applying motors. For this only the operating voltage, the motor rating, the various shortcircuit ratings and coordination types are required. An induction motor can be treated as a rotating transformer i. Ac servo motor is an ac motor that includes encoder is used with controllers for givin g closed loop control and feedback. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or connected to some other form of mechanical equipment such as a winder, conveyor, or mixer. Ac motors and their types slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor. Also ac series motor is a modified dc series motor what does this mean. Advantages of ac drives over other methods of motor control applications for ac drives ac drive theory.
Its action is based on the principle that when a currentcarrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force whose direction is given by flemings lefthand rule and whose magnitude is given by f bil newton. The armature coil wound around the stator core and the coil end is. Ac induction motors are also the most common motors used in main powered home appliances. Its operation is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a. Introduction to ac motors ac motors electronics textbook. Ac introduction motors have been used in traction applications for a long time. Induction motor seminar ppt, pdf report study mafia. The single phase ac motor is nearly small in size, and it provides a variety of services in the home, office, business concerns, factories, etc. There are two types of induction motors, one with wound type rotor, also called slipring motor and another one with squirrelcage rotor. Types of ac motor definition and classification of ac motor. Singlephase induction motor threephase induction motor singlephase induction motor there are probably more singlephase ac induction motors in use today than the total of all the other types put together. Types, construction and principle of operation, 3 phase induction motor, general. For small power conversion, the single phase ac motors are mostly used.
Single phase series motor, repulsion motor and scharge motor are types of ac commutator motor. Alternating current motors or ac motors are built on the principle that nikola tesla discovered in the late 19th century. Synchronoustype ac servo motor consist of stator and rotor. The stator, or stationary part, and the rotor, or rotating part. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. The ac motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator. In a steam engine the combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine and the steam thus formed is used to run the engine. Get motor rewinding procedure pdf file for free from our online library pdf file. Ac series motor principle, types, characteristics and. In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. Almost all the domestic appliances such as refrigerators, fans. Read here to know about these electrical motors and their exhaustive classification.
Chapter 1 introduction to ac motors this chapter provides an overview of the components of an ac motor, how the motor operates and ac motor terms and concepts. In an induction motor, the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained via electromagnetic induction from the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding. Bh curves 4th quadrant of typical ceramic and rareearth magnets alnico 5. There are two types of induction motors, one with wound type rotor, also called slipring motor. Whats the difference between ac, dc, and ec motors.
Ac motors are used worldwide in many applications to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. An ac motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current ac. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion of electromagnetic energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa. Pdf download whats the difference between ac, dc, and ec motors. Below is the respective difference of synchronous motor and induction motor. A universal motor is a singlephase series motor, which is able to run on either alternating current ac or direct current dc and the characteristics are similar for both ac and dc. This classification of induction motor is based on the type of power supply required for its operation.
395 72 1244 1199 1363 1365 1455 1382 1464 933 528 1561 376 1023 527 1124 750 1250 375 238 1333 1016 687 454 814 621 62 412